I also needed a stronger starter, because I am converting my beetle to a Subaru EJ20.
Thanks to this thread I managed to make the TDI starter fit, and it works great!
This is how I did it:
I bought a generic starter from the autoparts website I normally use.
The starter I searched for was for VW parts number 020911024A.
It turned out to be a starter for, among other models, a VW New Beetle (9C1, 1C1) 1.9 TDI, years 07-2005 to 09-2010.
Be aware that you need the 9 tooth model!
Because I am in Europe, I had several brands to choose from. The one I bought was around 90 euros.
Here it is compared to the standard (1600) vw beetle one:
The round part that enters the gearbox is exactly the same, just as the cog depth.
The only differences are the mounting holes and the solenoid position.
I made a template using the standard starter:
Overlayed on the new starter, you can see how to widen the holes:
I used a 12mm drillbit to widen the holes:
While test-fitting I disovered that the lower mounting stud attached to the gearbox was too short to put a nut on it.
Also, there was probably not enough room to spin the nut.

So I removed the stud (with the double-nut-trick), and used a M10x40mm allen bolt instead.
On the other side, the engine bolt, I used a M10x120mm allen bolt.

The bolt was a little bit too long, so I added a 10 mm spacer.
The bolt threads into the adapter plate, and I didn't want it to extend too much behind the plate.
For a VW beetle engine, you will probably need a different length bolt, as there will be a nut on the other side.
Because the holes are now pretty wide, I made some small custom plates for the bolts to go through:
My beetle has the rear parcel tray removed, so there is more then enough space for the solenoid.
But I think it will fit with the parcel tray in place too. Allthough the solenoid will be much closer to the parcel tray.
After mounting the starter I did some test starts, and it works great!
The engine is not running yet, but the starter sounded strong, with good speed.